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New Journalism is a style of news writing and journalism, developed in the 1960s and '70s, which used literary techniques deemed unconventional at the time. It is characterized by a subjective perspective, a literary style reminiscent of long-form non-fiction and emphasizing "truth" over "facts," and intensive reportage in which reporters immersed themselves in the stories as they reported and wrote them. This was in contrast to traditional journalism where the journalist was typically "invisible" and facts are reported as objectively as possible. The phenomenon of New Journalism is generally considered to have ended by the early 1980s. The term was codified with its current meaning by Tom Wolfe in a 1973 collection of journalism articles he published as ''The New Journalism'', which included works by himself, Truman Capote, Hunter S. Thompson, Norman Mailer, Joan Didion, Terry Southern, Robert Christgau, Gay Talese and others. Articles in the New Journalism style tended not to be found in newspapers, but rather in magazines such as ''The Atlantic Monthly'', ''Harper's'', ''CoEvolution Quarterly'', ''Esquire'', ''New York'', ''The New Yorker'', ''Rolling Stone'', and for a short while in the early 1970s, ''Scanlan's Monthly''. Contemporary journalists and writers questioned the "newness" of New Journalism, as well as whether it qualified as a distinct genre. The subjective nature of the New Journalism received extensive exploration; one critic suggested the genre's practitioners were functioning more as sociologists or psychoanalysts, than as journalists. Criticism has been leveled at numerous individual writers in the genre, as well. ==Precursors and alternate uses of the term== Various people and tendencies throughout the history of American journalism have been labeled "new journalism". Robert E. Park, for instance, in his ''Natural History of the Newspaper'', referred to the advent of the penny press in the 1830s as "new journalism".〔Park 1967 (), p. 93.〕 Likewise, the appearance of the yellow press—papers such as Joseph Pulitzer's ''New York World'' in the 1880s—led journalists and historians to proclaim that a "New Journalism" had been created. Ault and Emery, for instance, said "Industrialization and urbanization changed the face of America during the latter half of the Nineteenth century, and its newspapers entered an era known as that of the 'New Journalism.〔Ault & Emery 1959, p. 11.〕 John Hohenberg, in ''The Professional Journalist'' (1960), called the interpretive reporting which developed after World War II a "new journalism which not only seeks to explain as well as to inform; it even dares to teach, to measure, to evaluate."〔Hohenberg 1960, p. 322.〕 During the 1960s and 1970s, the term enjoyed widespread popularity, often with meanings bearing manifestly little or no connection with one another. Although James E. Murphy noted that "...most uses of the term seem to refer to something more specific than vague new directions in journalism",〔Murphy 1974, p. 2〕 Curtis D. MacDougal devoted the preface of the sixth edition of his ''Interpretative Reporting'' to New Journalism and cataloged many of the contemporary definitions: "Activist, advocacy, participatory, tell-it-as-you-see-it, sensitivity, investigative, saturation, humanistic, reformist and a few more."〔MacDougal 1971, p. v.〕 ''The Magic Writing Machine—Student Probes of the New Journalism'', a collection edited and introduced by Everette E. Dennis, came up with six categories, labelled new nonfiction (reportage), alternative journalism ("modern muckraking"), advocacy journalism, underground journalism and precision journalism.〔Dennis ed. ''The Magic Writing Machine''.(1971) see also ''The New Journalism in America''. Dennis & Rivers eds (1974).〕 Michael Johnson's ''The New Journalism'' addresses itself to three phenomena: the underground press, the artists of nonfiction, and changes in the established media.〔Johnson 1971〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「New Journalism」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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